Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse (CAPA) Practice Exam

What should patients receiving opioids postoperatively be closely monitored for?

1. Increased appetite

2. Respiratory depression

3. Drowsiness

4. Increased blood pressure

The correct answer is: Respiratory depression

Patients receiving opioids postoperatively should be closely monitored for respiratory depression because opioids have a well-documented effect of suppressing the respiratory drive. This occurs due to their action on the central nervous system, particularly at the level of the brainstem, where breathing is regulated. Monitoring is essential because respiratory depression can lead to inadequate ventilation and, subsequently, decreased oxygenation, which can be life-threatening. While drowsiness can also be a side effect of opioid use, it is not as critical as monitoring for respiratory depression, which poses a direct risk to the patient’s safety. Increased appetite and increased blood pressure are not typical or serious side effects associated with opioid administration, making them less relevant in this context. Therefore, the focus on respiratory parameters is vital for ensuring patient safety in the postoperative setting when opioids are prescribed.